Skipper Graeme Lee headed the hosts in front against the run of play after 23 minutes, but Chris Porter struck on the stroke of half-time to ensure the spoils were shared.
John Sheridan's team produced some startling football early on and Rovers had problems getting the ball as the visitors passed it around crisply.
But they were unable to make their pressure count and Paul Warne set the pattern when he missed a golden opportunity after latching onto a quickly taken free-kick from Richie Wellens after four minutes.
Oldham continued to dominate and were unlucky not to be awarded a penalty six minutes later when Warne went down under a challenge from Stephen Roberts .
On-loan striker Jonathan Forte was Doncaster's main threat, and he gave the away side a scare when he cut inside and had a shot which was almost deflected in after 13 minutes.
Forte's next effort was deflected out for a corner from which the hosts took the lead, with Paul Green's centre met by a powerful Lee header into the roof of the net.
It was a real blow to Oldham, but they should have equalised within six minutes following good work from Wellens, but Porter fired wide after cleverly controlling the ball.
Porter made amends in the 45th minute when he latched onto Chris Taylor's low cross to smash home the equaliser.
Despite their attacking intentions neither side was able to score again, although Doncaster went close on several occasions through Paul Heffernan, Forte and Jason Price.
Rovers even had the ball in the net when visiting goalkeeper Les Pogliacomi fumbled a Brian Stock free-kick and Bruce Dyer nipped in to force the ball home, only to have the effort disallowed for offside